STATISTICS
- is the science of collecting, analyzing, interpreting or explaining, and presenting data. it can be employed to make an accurate decision.
a. collecting data
1. definition of data and datum
- datum: facts needed and only facts
- data: collection of several datum
- population: all subjects being studied
- sample: part of population being studied
- quantitative data: data in a form of numbers
- discrete data (data cacahan) : is a data obtained by counting
- e.g. : data of the sum of 9th graders
- continu data (data ukuran) : data obtained by measuring
- e.g. : data of all students' height
- qualitative data : data that is not in form of numbers
4. methods in data collecting
- interview (wawancara)
- questionnaire (pertanyaan tertulis)
- observation (paling sering muncul)
- mean
- median
- modus
- range (jangkauan)
- quartile (Q1,Q2,Q3)
- interquartile range
- pictogram
- bar chart
- line chart
- pie chart
measures of central tendency
a. mean(rata rata)
, represents the summation
X, represents scores
N, represents number of scores
b. median (nilai tengah)
- odd
Q2 = X 2(n+1)/4 = X (n+1)/2
- even
c. modus : is the value that occurs most often
measures of dipersion
a. range : biggest data - smallest datameasures of dipersion quartile
odd
Q1= X 1(n+1)
4
Q2= X 2(n+1)
4
Q3= X 3(n+1)
4
even
Q1= X n+2
Q2= 2/4(x n/2+ x n/2+1)
Q3= X 3n+2
4
interquartile range
Qr = Q3-Q1
quartile deviation(simpangan quartile)
Qd= 1/2 (Q3-Q2)
e.g:
1.
lower quartile: Q1(25%)
median: Q2(50%)
upper quartile: Q3(75%)
so, Q1=12 Q2=22 Q3=36
2.
Find the median(Q2), lower quartile(Q1), upper quartile(Q3) of the following data set of scores:
18 20 23 20 23 27 24 23 29
solution:
Arrange the values in ascending order of magnitude:
18 20 20 23 23 23 24 27 29There are 9 values in the data set. so its odd. use the odd number statistic formula to solve this problem.
mode=7
mean= Σx/n= 264/40= 51,6
Q1= X n+2 = 42/4 = x10,5
4 = 6
Q2= 2/4(x n/2+ x n/2+1)= 1/2(X20+ X21)
= X41/2 = X20,5=7
Q3= X 3n+2= X122/4= X30,5= 7+8/2
4 = 7,5
rata rata gabungan
1. nilai rataan hitung pelajaran matematika dalam suatu kelas adalah 5,5 jika ditambah nilai seorang siswa baru dengan nilai 7,5 maka nilai rataan hitugnya menjadi 5,7. banyak siswa dalam kelas tersebut adalah....
statistics diagram
The pie chart below shows the percentages of blood types for a group of 200 people.
a) How many people, in this group, have blood type AB?
b) How many people, in this group, do not have blood type O?
c) How many people, in this group, have blood types A or B?
a) How many people, in this group, have blood type AB?
b) How many people, in this group, do not have blood type O?
c) How many people, in this group, have blood types A or B?
- a) 19% * 200 = 19 * 200 / 100 = 38 people
b) (100% - 40%) * 200 = 60 * 200 / 100 = 120 people
c) (16% + 25%) * 200 = 41 * 200 / 100 = 82